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The Inspiring Story of Joe Medicine Crow: The Last Plains War Chief Who Fought the Nazis
Joe Medicine Crow (October 27, 1913 – April 3, 2016) was a Crow Nation historian, warrior, and the last Plains Indian war chief. His incredible life bridged the ancient traditions of his people and the modern battlefields of World War II, where he completed all four feats required to become a war chief—while fighting the Nazis.
Early Life & Tribal Heritage
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Born near Lodge Grass, Montana, he was raised by elders who had fought in the Battle of Little Bighorn.
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His grandfather, White Man Runs Him, was a scout for General Custer but later sided with Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse.
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Earned a master’s degree in anthropology in 1939 (one of the first Native Americans to do so), writing his thesis on Plains Indian warfare.
Becoming a War Chief in World War II
In Crow tradition, a warrior had to complete four coups (brave deeds) to become a war chief:
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Touch an Enemy Without Killing Him – Medicine Crow disarmed a German soldier in hand-to-hand combat, then let him go.
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Take an Enemy’s Weapon – He stole a rifle from a Nazi officer during a chaotic battle.
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Lead a Successful War Party – He guided a squad through a dangerous mission unscathed.
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Steal an Enemy’s Horse – In a daring act, he raided a Nazi SS stable, stealing 50 horses while singing a Crow honor song.
After completing these feats, Crow elders declared him a war chief—the last to earn the title traditionally.
Post-War Life & Legacy
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Became a tribal historian, preserving Crow traditions and oral history.
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Awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom (2009) by Barack Obama.
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Honored as a veteran of two wars—the fight against fascism in Europe and the Crow people’s struggle for sovereignty.
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Died in 2016 at 102, the last living link to the Plains Indian Wars.
Why His Story Matters
Joe Medicine Crow’s life symbolizes the unbroken spirit of Native warriors, blending ancient honor with modern heroism. He fought for his country, his people, and freedom—proving that courage transcends time.
“In war, you do not fight for hatred or revenge. You fight for glory, and to count coup.” — Joe Medicine Crow
Would you like more details on his wartime missions or his work as a historian?
